In late March 2026, Senators Bill Cassidy (R-LA) and Cynthia Lummis (R-WY) introduced the Mined in America Act, a sweeping piece of legislation that redefines the federal government’s relationship with domestic Bitcoin mining. The bill classifies digital asset mining as critical national infrastructure, establishes a voluntary federal certification program, mandates the phased removal of foreign-adversary hardware, and codifies the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve into law.

For US-based miners, hosting providers, and colocation operators, this legislation represents both a significant opportunity and a compliance roadmap that demands careful attention. Here is a detailed breakdown of what the Mined in America Act contains, what it means for the industry, and how operators should prepare.

Why Congress Is Acting Now

The strategic rationale behind the Mined in America Act centers on a single, uncomfortable statistic: the United States controls approximately 38 percent of the global Bitcoin hash rate, yet roughly 97 percent of the specialized mining hardware powering that hash rate is manufactured by Chinese companies, primarily Bitmain and MicroBT.

That dependency creates a supply chain vulnerability that lawmakers on both sides of the aisle have increasingly recognized as a national security concern. Firmware embedded in foreign-manufactured ASICs could theoretically contain backdoors or remote-access capabilities. At a minimum, the concentration of hardware manufacturing in a single foreign jurisdiction exposes American mining operations to trade disruptions, tariff escalations, and geopolitical leverage.

Senator Cassidy framed the issue plainly: “Digital asset mining is an important part of our economy. We should be doing it here.” Senator Lummis added that “The Mined in America Act brings this industry back home through forward-thinking initiatives.”

The bill explicitly mirrors the structure of the 2022 CHIPS and Science Act, which allocated $52.7 billion to incentivize domestic semiconductor manufacturing after pandemic-era supply chain disruptions revealed similar vulnerabilities in the chip industry.

The Federal Certification Program

At the heart of the Mined in America Act is a voluntary certification program administered by the US Department of Commerce. Mining facilities and mining pools that meet the program’s requirements earn the “Mined in America” designation, which unlocks a range of federal benefits.

What Certification Requires

To earn and maintain certification, mining operations must meet several criteria:

• Hardware provenance: Certified facilities must commit to phasing out all mining equipment manufactured by entities domiciled in, or controlled by, countries designated as foreign adversaries. The current list includes China, Russia, Iran, North Korea, Cuba, and Venezuela.
• Ownership restrictions: The bill bars foreign adversary ownership stakes in certified mining operations, ensuring that the economic and strategic benefits of domestic mining remain under American control.
• Documentation and compliance: The Secretary of Energy has 180 days from the bill’s enactment to define the specific documentation requirements for proving compliance. This will likely include hardware manifests, supply chain attestations, and periodic audits.

What Certification Unlocks

Certified operations gain access to meaningful federal support:

• Federal energy programs: Certified miners can tap into existing Department of Energy and Department of Agriculture programs, particularly those supporting projects that absorb excess renewable energy, stabilize grid demand, or capture methane emissions.
• Rural development funding: Operations located in rural areas gain access to USDA rural development grants and loans, creating a pathway for mining facilities to anchor economic development in underserved communities.
• Capital gains tax exemptions: In a notable incentive, domestic miners receive capital gains tax exemptions when selling newly mined Bitcoin directly to the US government for the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve.

The Foreign-Adversary Hardware Phase-Out

The most operationally significant provision of the Mined in America Act is the mandated phase-out of foreign-adversary hardware. Certified facilities must progressively eliminate devices manufactured by companies linked to designated foreign adversaries, achieving full compliance by the end of the decade.

The 2030 Deadline

The legislation establishes a clear endpoint: all certified US mining operations must be running on non-adversary hardware by 2030. While the bill does not prescribe specific interim milestones in the public text, the Commerce Department is expected to establish a phased compliance schedule during the rulemaking process.

For operators running fleets of Bitmain Antminers or MicroBT Whatsminers, this creates a multi-year capital planning challenge. ASIC miners typically have operational lifespans of three to five years depending on efficiency curves and energy costs, meaning many machines currently in service will naturally age out before the 2030 deadline. However, operators making purchasing decisions now must factor in the certification requirements when evaluating new hardware acquisitions.

What Counts as Adversary-Linked Hardware

The bill targets equipment manufactured by entities domiciled in or controlled by countries on the foreign adversary list. In practice, this means the two dominant ASIC manufacturers, Bitmain (headquartered in Beijing) and MicroBT (headquartered in Shenzhen), would fall squarely within the restriction. Machines manufactured by these companies in third-party countries may face scrutiny depending on ownership structure and control assessments.

Domestic ASIC Manufacturing: The NIST and MEP Role

Recognizing that a hardware phase-out is only viable if domestic alternatives exist, the Mined in America Act directs the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP) to actively support the development of American-made mining hardware.

This is arguably the most forward-looking provision of the bill. Today, no US-based manufacturer produces ASIC miners at commercial scale. Companies like Intel briefly explored the space before exiting, and startups like Auradine have developed next-generation chips but have not yet achieved the production volumes needed to replace Bitmain and MicroBT’s market dominance.

The NIST and MEP involvement signals that the federal government intends to treat ASIC manufacturing as a strategic industrial capability, similar to how the CHIPS Act treated semiconductor fabrication. For the mining industry, this means the coming years will likely see increased federal R&D funding, manufacturing partnerships, and potentially direct subsidies for domestic ASIC production facilities.

The Strategic Bitcoin Reserve Codification

The Mined in America Act also codifies President Trump’s executive order establishing the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve into federal law. This is significant because executive orders can be reversed by subsequent administrations, while legislation requires an act of Congress to undo.

Under the codified framework:

• Treasury holds forfeited Bitcoin: Rather than liquidating seized cryptocurrency through auction, the Treasury Department retains it as a strategic reserve asset.
• Expansion through seized assets: The reserve grows through staking rewards and airdrops from seized digital assets, creating an organic expansion mechanism.
• Domestic mining as a supply source: The capital gains tax exemption for selling mined Bitcoin to the government creates a direct pipeline from domestic mining operations to the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve.

For domestic miners, this establishes the US government as a potential buyer of last resort for newly mined Bitcoin, adding a floor of demand that did not previously exist.

What This Means for Hosting Providers and Colocation Operators

The Mined in America Act has profound implications for the Bitcoin mining hosting sector. As the certification program takes effect and miners seek to comply with hardware and ownership requirements, demand for compliant hosting infrastructure will increase significantly.

Increased Demand for US-Based Colocation

Miners who previously considered overseas hosting arrangements to reduce costs may now find that domestic colocation offers strategic advantages that outweigh marginal cost differences. Certified domestic facilities will provide:

• Access to federal energy and rural development programs
• Eligibility for capital gains tax exemptions on government Bitcoin sales
• Supply chain transparency that satisfies certification auditors
• Reduced exposure to international trade disruptions and tariff uncertainty

For operators evaluating colocation hosting, the certification framework makes facility selection a compliance decision as much as an economic one.

Compliance Infrastructure Becomes a Competitive Advantage

Hosting providers that can demonstrate hardware provenance tracking, supply chain documentation, and audit-ready compliance records will command premium positioning in the market. Facilities that proactively build certification-ready infrastructure are positioning themselves ahead of the regulatory curve.

How Rax Mining Is Positioned

As a US-based Bitcoin mining infrastructure provider, Rax Mining operates at the intersection of hosting, hardware, and consulting services that the Mined in America Act is designed to strengthen.

Our domestic colocation facilities, transparent operational practices, and commitment to energy-efficient mining infrastructure align directly with the certification program’s requirements. As the industry transitions toward compliance with the new federal framework, operators need partners who understand both the technical requirements of high-performance mining and the regulatory landscape shaping its future.

Whether you are evaluating new ASIC hardware purchases, planning a fleet transition away from adversary-linked equipment, or seeking compliant hosting infrastructure, our team provides the expertise and infrastructure to navigate this transition. Contact us to discuss how the Mined in America Act affects your operation and how to build a compliance-ready mining strategy.

Compliance Considerations for Mining Operations

Operators should begin planning now, even though the bill has not yet passed into law. The legislative momentum behind domestic mining support, combined with existing tariff pressures on Chinese-manufactured hardware, makes preparation prudent regardless of the bill’s exact timeline.

Immediate Steps

• Audit your hardware fleet: Document the manufacturer, model, country of origin, and firmware version of every ASIC in your operation. This inventory will form the baseline for any future compliance documentation.
• Evaluate upcoming purchases: When acquiring new miners, factor in the potential need to replace adversary-linked hardware before 2030. Non-Chinese alternatives, while currently limited, are entering the market.
• Review ownership structures: The bill bars foreign adversary ownership in certified operations. If your entity has any foreign investment or ownership connections, consult legal counsel to assess eligibility.
• Engage with industry groups: Organizations like the Satoshi Action Fund and state-level mining advocacy groups are actively shaping the rulemaking process. Participation ensures your operational realities are reflected in the final regulations.

Long-Term Planning

• Diversify hardware suppliers: As domestic and allied-nation ASIC manufacturers scale production, building relationships with multiple suppliers reduces single-source dependency.
• Position for federal programs: If your operation uses renewable energy, stabilizes grid demand, or captures methane emissions, document these capabilities. They will be directly relevant to certification benefits.
• Consider the government buyer: The capital gains tax exemption for selling mined Bitcoin to the Strategic Bitcoin Reserve creates a unique economic consideration. Model the financial impact of this option against open-market sales.

Impact on ASIC Pricing and Supply Chains

The Mined in America Act will reshape ASIC economics in several ways. Combined with existing and potential tariffs on Chinese-manufactured goods, the cost structure of mining hardware is entering a period of significant transition.

In the near term, demand for non-adversary hardware will increase while supply remains constrained, likely driving premiums for compliant equipment. US-manufactured or allied-nation ASICs may command higher prices until domestic production scales to meet demand.

In the medium term, federal support through NIST and MEP programs should accelerate domestic manufacturing capabilities, gradually bringing costs down and diversifying the supply chain. The CHIPS Act analogy is instructive: early semiconductor reshoring efforts were expensive, but sustained federal support eventually created competitive domestic capacity.

For miners, the strategic calculus is clear: the era of cheap, abundant Chinese ASICs as the default purchasing option is drawing to a close. The operators who begin transitioning their supply chains now will be best positioned when the regulatory framework solidifies.

Looking Ahead

The Mined in America Act represents the most significant piece of federal Bitcoin mining legislation introduced to date. Whether it passes in its current form, gets amended during committee review, or serves as the foundation for subsequent legislation, the policy direction is unmistakable: the United States intends to treat domestic Bitcoin mining as strategic infrastructure deserving of federal support and subject to supply chain security standards.

For US-based miners and hosting providers, this is a clarifying moment. The question is no longer whether regulatory frameworks will shape the industry, but how quickly operators can position themselves to benefit from them. The time to start planning is now.